Introduction
Social Accounting Matrix
is defined as the presentation of SNA accounts in a matrix
which elaborates the linkages between a supply and use table
and institutional sector accounts(SNA,1993). A SAM is a
particular representation of the macro and meso economic
accounts of a socio-economic system, which capture the
transactions and transfers between all economic agents in
the system (Pyatt and Round, 1985; Reinert and Roland-Holst,
1997), that is, the social account matrix is a simple and
efficient framework to organize economic data in such a way
that: every income should be a corresponding outlay or
expenditure; both the receiver and the sender of every
transaction must be identified (Round, Jeffery, 2003).
The following
figure presents an illustrative open-economy SAM. For
more detail of SAM, please see the
references for SAM.
A Simple Open-economy SAM
|
|
Receipts |
Expenditures |
Total |
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
1 |
Supplier |
|
C |
G |
I |
E |
Demand |
|
2 |
Household |
Y |
|
|
|
|
Income |
|
3 |
Government |
Ti |
Td |
|
|
|
Receipts |
|
4 |
Capital Account |
|
Sh |
Sg |
|
Sf |
Saving |
|
5 |
Rest of the world |
M |
|
|
|
|
Import |
|
|
Total |
Supply |
Expenditures |
Expenditures |
Investment |
Foreign Exchange |
Source：Adapted from Dvid Roland－holst（2000）
Variables:
|
C |
Private Consumption |
Td |
Direct Tax |
Sf |
Foreign Savings |
|
Sh |
Private Savings |
Sg |
Government Savings |
M |
Import |
|
Ti |
Indirect Tax |
E |
Export |
G |
Government Spending |
|
